Back to Basics — What is DDL, DML, DCL & TCL?

I was talking with a database administrator about different categories that SQL Commands fall into — and I thought it would be great to document here. So here you go:

ACRONYM DESCRIPTION SQL COMMANDS DML Data Manipulation Language: SQL Statements that affect records in a table. SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE DDL Data Definition Language: SQL Statements that create/alter a table structure CREATE, ALTER, DROP DCL Data Control Language: SQL Statements that control the level of access that users have on database objects GRANT, REVOKE TCL Transaction Control Language: SQL Statements that help you maintain the integrity of data by allowing control over transactions COMMIT, ROLLBACK

BONUS (Advance) QUESTION:

Is Truncate SQL command a DDL or DML? Please use comment section!

Author: Paras Doshi